As of April 2025, several states and cities across the United States have implemented or are moving toward banning the use of polystyrene foam (commonly known as Styrofoam) in foodware, packaging, and coolers.
This significant shift, aimed at reducing plastic pollution, reflects growing concerns about the environmental and health impact of expanded polystyrene (EPS), a material that is non-biodegradable and can contribute to microplastic contamination.
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Expanding state and local bans
The push to ban polystyrene foam has gained momentum in recent years, with key states like California, Oregon, and New York already enforcing restrictions.
As of January 1, 2025, these states have enacted legislation that prohibits the use of EPS in food service containers, packing materials, and coolers. This includes commonly used items such as takeout containers, cups, and packaging peanuts.
For example, California’s statewide ban now applies to all single-use EPS food containers, while Oregon has introduced similar restrictions, covering everything from foodware to packing peanuts and coolers.
Meanwhile, Washington has taken a step further by expanding its polystyrene ban to include a broader range of food service products starting in June 2024.
In Colorado, a ban on polystyrene food containers came into effect on January 1, 2024, while other states, including at least 17 across the U.S., are expected to consider similar policies in 2025.
Environmental and health concerns behind the bans
The primary driver behind these new bans is the environmental harm caused by polystyrene foam. This material is notoriously difficult to recycle, and when it breaks down, it creates microplastics that can harm wildlife and contaminate ecosystems.
As a result, reducing the presence of polystyrene foam in the environment has become a key objective for governments and environmental groups.
In addition to the ecological impact, health concerns have also contributed to the push for these bans. Some studies have raised alarms over the potential risks posed by the chemicals in polystyrene, which may leach into food or beverages, particularly when the material is heated.
Alternatives and future legislation
As part of the efforts to phase out polystyrene foam, many regions are encouraging the use of alternative materials.
Reusable serviceware, recyclable packaging, and compostable products are being promoted as more sustainable options for both food service providers and consumers.
Materials such as paper, cardboard, and plant-based plastics are becoming more common substitutes in packaging and foodware.
On the national stage, the “Farewell to Foam Act” is currently under discussion in Congress. If passed, this legislation, introduced by Senator Chris Van Hollen and Representative Lloyd Doggett, would phase out single-use plastic foam foodservice products and packaging peanuts nationwide, with a planned ban set to take effect in January 2028.
The growing momentum for these regulations indicates that the U.S. is heading towards a future with less reliance on harmful plastic products.
